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Optimal placement of wind turbines within a wind farm considering multi-directional wind speed using

A.S.O. OGUNJUYIGBE, T.R. AYODELE, O.D. BAMGBOJE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 240-255 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0514-x

摘要： Most wind turbines within wind farms are set up to face a pre-determined wind direction. However, wind directions are intermittent in nature, leading to less electricity production capacity. This paper proposes an algorithm to solve the wind farm layout optimization problem considering multi-angular (MA) wind direction with the aim of maximizing the total power generated on wind farms and minimizing the cost of installation. A two-stage genetic algorithm (GA) equipped with complementary sampling and uniform crossover is used to evolve a MA layout that will yield optimal output regardless of the wind direction. In the first stage, the optimal wind turbine layouts for 8 different major wind directions were determined while the second stage allows each of the previously determined layouts to compete and inter-breed so as to evolve an optimal MA wind farm layout. The proposed MA wind farm layout is thereafter compared to other layouts whose turbines have focused site specific wind turbine orientation. The results reveal that the proposed wind farm layout improves wind power production capacity with minimum cost of installation compared to the layouts with site specific wind turbine layouts. This paper will find application at the planning stage of wind farm.

关键词： optimal placement     wind turbines     wind direction     genetic algorithm     wake effect    

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Assessment of pollution of potentially harmful elements in soils surrounding a municipal solid waste incinerator, China

Ying Han, Huiting Xie, Wenbin Liu, Haifeng Li, Mengjing Wang, Xuebin Chen, Xiao Liao, Nan Yan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0873-7

摘要： Potentially harmful elements in ambient soil of a MSWI were assessed. Spatial distribution of potential ecological risk index was investigated. Health risk assessment of potentially harmful elements in soil was evaluated. Hg in the soil posed health hazards to the local population. We assessed the contamination levels of Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, As and Hg and the risks posed by these potentially harmful elements in top-soils around a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). We collected 20 soil samples, with an average pH of 8.1, and another fly ash sample emitted from the MSWI to investigate the concentrations of these elements in soils. We determined the concentrations of these elements by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), except for Hg, which we measured by AF-610B atomic fluorescence spectrometer ( ). We assessed the risks of these elements through the use of geoaccumulation index ( ), potential ecological risk index ( ), hazard quotient ( ) and cancer risk ( ). The results showed that concentrations of potentially harmful elements in soil were influenced by the wind direction, and the concentrations of most elements were higher in the area northwest of the MSWI, compared with the area southeast of the incinerator, with the exception of As; these results were in accordance with those results acquired from our contour maps. According to the values, some soil samples were clearly polluted by Hg emissions. However, the health risk assessment indicated that the concentrations of Hg and other elements in soil did not pose non-carcinogenic risks to the local populations. This was also the case for the carcinogenic risks posed by As, Cr, and Ni. The carcinogenic risk posed by As was higher, in the range 6.49 × 10 –9.58 × 10 , but this was still considered to be an acceptable level of risk.

关键词： Soil     Potentially harmful elements     Contamination     Kriging interpolation     Risk assessment     Wind direction    

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Qualitative analysis of direction of public hospital reforms in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 218-223 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0534-7

摘要：

Reforms in public hospitals are among the most important improvements in China’s health care system over the last two decades. However, the reforms that should be implemented in public hospitals are unclear. Thus, a feasible direction of reforms in Chinese public hospitals is suggested and reliable policy suggestions are provided for the government to reform public hospitals. The data used in this study were mainly derived from a qualitative study. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted in Shanghai, Guangdong, and Gansu between May and December 2014. Government funding accounted for approximately eight percent of the total annual revenue of public hospitals in China, and the insufficient government subsidy considerably affects the operation mechanism of public hospitals. However, solely increasing this subsidy cannot address the inappropriate incentives of public hospitals in China. The most crucial step in setting the direction of reforms in public hospitals in China is transforming inappropriate incentives by implementing a new evaluation index system for directors and physicians in public hospitals.

关键词： public hospital     government hospital     public funding     operation mechanism    

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Biologically inspired model of path integration based on head direction cells and grid cells

Yang ZHOU,De-wei WU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第17卷 第5期   页码 435-448 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500364

摘要： Some neurons in the brain of freely moving rodents show special firing pattern. The firing of head direction cells (HDCs) and grid cells (GCs) is related to the moving direction and distance, respectively. Thus, it is considered that these cells play an important role in the rodents’ path integration. To provide a bionic approach for the vehicle to achieve path integration, we present a biologically inspired model of path integration based on the firing characteristics of HDCs and GCs. The detailed implementation process of this model is discussed. Besides, the proposed model is realized by simulation, and the path integration performance is analyzed under different conditions. Simulations validate that the proposed model is effective and stable.

关键词： Head direction cells (HDCs)     Grid cells (GCs)     Path integration     Bionic navigation    

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Distribution of background equivalent static wind load on high-rise buildings

Jianguo ZHANG , Ming GU ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 241-248 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0036-z

摘要： In this paper, the along-wind and cross-wind fluctuating load distributions along the height of high-rise buildings and their correlations are obtained through simultaneous pressure measurements in a wind tunnel. Some typical methods proposed in some relative literatures, i.e., load-response correlation (LRC), and quasi-mean load (QML) and gust load envelope (GLE) methods, are verified in terms of their accuracy in describing the background equivalent static wind load distribution on high-rise buildings. Based on the results, formulae of the distribution of background equivalent static load on high-rise buildings with typical shapes are put forward. It is shown that these formulae are of high accuracy and practical use.

关键词： high-rise buildings     along-wind     cross-wind     background equivalent static wind load     close formulae    

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Review of aeroelasticity for wind turbine: Current status, research focus and future perspectives

Pinting ZHANG, Shuhong HUANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 419-434 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0166-6

摘要： Aeroelasticity has become a critical issue for Multi-Megawatt wind turbine due to the longer and more flexible blade. In this paper, the development of aeroelasticity and aeroelastic codes for wind turbine is reviewed and the aeroelastic models for wind turbine blade are described, based on which, the current research focuses for large scale wind turbine are discussed, including instability problems for onshore and offshore wind turbines, effects of complex inflow, nonlinear effects of large blade deflection, smart structure technologies, and aerohydroelasticity. Finally, the future development of aeroelastic code for large scale wind turbine: aeroservoelasticity and smart rotor control; nonlinear aeroelasticity due to large blade deflection; full-scale 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solution for dynamics; and aerohydroelasticity are presented.

关键词： wind turbine     aeroelasticity     aeroelastic code    

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Power fluctuation and power loss of wind turbines due to wind shear and tower shadow

Binrong WEN, Sha WEI, Kexiang WEI, Wenxian YANG, Zhike PENG, Fulei CHU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第3期   页码 321-332 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0434-1

摘要：

The magnitude and stability of power output are two key indices of wind turbines. This study investigates the effects of wind shear and tower shadow on power output in terms of power fluctuation and power loss to estimate the capacity and quality of the power generated by a wind turbine. First, wind speed models, particularly the wind shear model and the tower shadow model, are described in detail. The widely accepted tower shadow model is modified in view of the cone-shaped towers of modern large-scale wind turbines. Power fluctuation and power loss due to wind shear and tower shadow are analyzed by performing theoretical calculations and case analysis within the framework of a modified version of blade element momentum theory. Results indicate that power fluctuation is mainly caused by tower shadow, whereas power loss is primarily induced by wind shear. Under steady wind conditions, power loss can be divided into wind farm loss and rotor loss. Wind farm loss is constant at 3α(3α−1)R2/(8H2). By contrast, rotor loss is strongly influenced by the wind turbine control strategies and wind speed. That is, when the wind speed is measured in a region where a variable-speed controller works, the rotor loss stabilizes around zero, but when the wind speed is measured in a region where the blade pitch controller works, the rotor loss increases as the wind speed intensifies. The results of this study can serve as a reference for accurate power estimation and strategy development to mitigate the fluctuations in aerodynamic loads and power output due to wind shear and tower shadow.

关键词： wind turbine     wind shear     tower shadow     power fluctuation     power loss    

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Assessment of wind energy potential in Gaza Strip

Juma Yousuf ALAYDI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 297-304 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0134-6

摘要： The analysis of collected wind data at two sites in the Gaza Strip, namely, Gaza City and Gaza International Airport in Rafah city, is presented. The two sites are candidates for remote area wind energy applications. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the assessment of wind energy potential in the Gaza Strip in order to evaluate the wind regimes for installing wind energy conversion systems for power generation. The data on wind speed, direction and frequency distribution are used to analyze wind energy characteristics and availability at some stations in the Gaza Strip. The vertical extrapolation was based on the power-law expression, and the wind energy and potential have been estimated at the wind turbine hub height of approximately 50 m. Furthermore, the values of the Weibull parameters and are determined from summary statistics of wind resource. Consequently, the wind power is estimated by adoption of the Weibull distribution expression. Based on the results of this paper, sites are recommended for wind energy exploitation in the Gaza Strip.

关键词： wind data     wind resource assessment     wind power density     wind energy     the Weibull distribution and Weibull parameters    

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Quality and efficiency improvement technology for five megawatt offshore wind turbines and its application

Huali HAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第4期   页码 618-621 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0142-0

关键词： renewable energy     megawatt offshore wind turbine     technology-driven     quality improvement    

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Simulation of steel beam under ceiling jet based on a wind–fire–structure coupling model

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 78-98 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0936-8

摘要： For localized fires, it is necessary to consider the thermal and mechanical responses of building elements subject to uneven heating under the influence of wind. In this paper, the thermomechanical phenomena experienced by a ceiling jet and I-beam in a structural fire were simulated. Instead of applying the concept of adiabatic surface temperature (AST) to achieve fluid–structure coupling, this paper proposes a new computational fluid dynamics–finite element method numerical simulation that combines wind, fire, thermal, and structural analyses. First, to analyze the velocity and temperature distributions, the results of the numerical model and experiment were compared in windless conditions, showing good agreement. Vortices were found in the local area formed by the upper and lower flanges of the I-beam and the web, generating a local high-temperature zone and enhancing the heat transfer of convection. In an incoming-flow scenario, the flame was blown askew significantly; the wall temperature was bimodally distributed in the axial direction. The first temperature peak was mainly caused by radiative heat transfer, while the second resulted from convective heat transfer. In terms of mechanical response, the yield strength degradation in the highest-temperature region in windless conditions was found to be significant, thus explaining the stress distribution of steel beams in the fire field. The mechanical response of the overall elements considering the incoming flows was essentially elastic.

关键词： CFD–FEM coupling     steel beam     wind     ceiling jet     numerical heat transfer    

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Evaluation of the wind energy potential of two south west sites in Nigeria

Olaleye M. AMOO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 237-246 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0201-2

摘要： Wind resource assessment is a crucial first step in gauging the potential of a site to produce energy from wind turbines. In this paper, the wind energy potential of Abeokuta (07°03'N, 03°19'E) and Ijebu-Ode (06°47'N, 03°58'E), two south west sites in Nigeria were examined. Twenty years (1990–2010) of monthly mean wind data from a 10 m height were subjected to two-parameter Weibull analysis and other statistical analyses. The results show that the average annual mean wind speed variation for Abeokuta ranges from 2.2 to 5.0 m/s. For Ijebu-Ode, it ranges from 2.0 to 5.0 m/s. The wind power density variation based on the Weibull analysis ranges from 4.26 to 24.51 W/m for Abeokuta and from 8.54 to 76.46 W/m for Ijebu-Ode. Ijebu-Ode was found to be the better of the two sites in terms of annual variation of mean wind speed.

关键词： wind potential     wind speed     wind power density     wind gust     turbulence intensity     Nigeria    

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Condition monitoring of a wind turbine generator using a standalone wind turbine emulator

Himani,Ratna DAHIYA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 286-297 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0419-5

摘要： The intend of this paper is to give a description of the realization of a low-cost wind turbine emulator(WTE) with open source technology from graze required for the condition monitoring to diagnose rotor and stator faults in a wind turbine generator (WTG). The WTE comprises of a 2.5 kW DC motor coupled with a 1 kW squirrel-cage induction machine. This paper provides a detailed overview of the hardware and software used along with the WTE control strategies such as MPPT and pitch control. The emulator reproduces dynamic characteristics both under step variations and arbitrary variation in the wind speed of a typical wind turbine (WT) of a wind energy conversion system (WECS). The usefulness of the setup has been benchmarked with previously verified WT test rigs made at the University of Manchester and Durham University in UK. Considering the fact that the rotor blades and electric subassemblies direct drive WTs are most susceptible to damage in practice, generator winding faults and rotor unbalance have been introduced and investigated using the terminal voltage and generated current. This wind turbine emulator (WTE) can be reconfigured or analyzed for condition monitoring without the need for real WTs.

关键词： condition monitoring (CM)     wind turbine emulator (WTE)     wind turbine generator (WTG)     maximum power point tracking (MPPT)     tip speed ratio (TSR)     rotor faults     stator faults    

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Digital manufacturing—the development direction of the manufacturing technology in the 21st century

XIONG You-lun, YIN Zhou-ping

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年 第1卷 第2期   页码 125-130 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0021-3

摘要： After introducing the concepts of digital manufacturing technology, the discipline framework of digital manufacturing is presented in the paper by discussing its basic concept, theory foundation, key technology and scientific problems in detail. As the core of the advanced manufacturing technology, digital manufacturing is gradually becoming the main manufacturing technology of the twenty-first century. Firstly, the main features of digital manufacturing are indicated and its key supporting technologies are investigated by grouping them into four levels related to product development, numerical control, production management, and enterprise collaboration, respectively. Moreover, the existing problems in the research on the multi-discipline theory foundation of digital manufacturing such as manufacturing informatics, computational manufacturing, and manufacturing intelligence, are also indicated. Then, the core scientific problems of digital manufacturing are discussed in depth, which focuses on digitization of manufacturing information, modeling of manufacturing constraints, high-speed and high-precision numerical control theory, and Internet-based collaboration and integration. Lastly, the development trends and application perspectives of digital manufacturing are concluded.

关键词： development     foundation     multi-discipline     scientific     supporting    

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Optimization design of spar cap layup for wind turbine blade

Jie ZHU, Xin CAI, Pan PAN, Rongrong GU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 53-56 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0147-9

摘要： Based on the aerodynamic shape and structural form of the blade are fixed, a mathematical model of optimization design for wind turbine blade is established. The model is pursued with respect to minimum the blade mass to reduce the cost of wind turbine production. The material layup numbers of the spar cap are chosen as the design variables; while the demands of strength, stiffness and stability of the blade are employed as the constraint conditions. The optimization design for a 1.5 MW wind turbine blade is carried out by combing above objective and constraint conditions at the action of ultimate flapwise loads with the finite element software ANSYS. Compared with the original design, the optimization design result achieves a reduction of 7.2% of the blade mass, the stress and strain distribution of the blade is more reasonable, and there is no occurrence of resonance, therefore its effectiveness is verified.

关键词： wind turbine blade     spar cap layup     optimization design     blade mass    

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Investigation on available wind energy at Tungku beach

M. G. YAZDANI, M. A. SALAM

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 275-279 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0194-x

摘要： In this paper, wind velocities and directions (sea and land) are recorded in different days and times. The data collected were compared with the weather data from the Brunei Darussalam Meteorological Service (BDMS) and the findings of other researchers and were found to be in good agreement. The potential of wind energy is predicted from the available data collected. The average generated power (forenoon and afternoon) is found to be 25 (mean) and 18 W (median), 101 (mean) and 73 W (median), 912 (mean) and 660 W (median), 10137 (mean) and 7331 W (median) for a rotor with a diameter of 2.5, 5, 15 and 50 m, respectively. The power density for wind farming is found to be 0.26 (mean) and 0.19 (median), 0.31 (mean) and 0.22 (median) for the rotor whose diameter is 2.5 and 50 m, respectively, while the average values are found to be 0.28 (mean) and 0.2 (median) for the rotor whose diameter is 5 and 15 m.

关键词： wind velocity     temperature     tower height     power density     Raleigh distribution     electrical power    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Optimal placement of wind turbines within a wind farm considering multi-directional wind speed using

A.S.O. OGUNJUYIGBE, T.R. AYODELE, O.D. BAMGBOJE

期刊论文

Assessment of pollution of potentially harmful elements in soils surrounding a municipal solid waste incinerator, China

Ying Han, Huiting Xie, Wenbin Liu, Haifeng Li, Mengjing Wang, Xuebin Chen, Xiao Liao, Nan Yan

期刊论文

Qualitative analysis of direction of public hospital reforms in China

null

期刊论文

Biologically inspired model of path integration based on head direction cells and grid cells

Yang ZHOU,De-wei WU

期刊论文

Distribution of background equivalent static wind load on high-rise buildings

Jianguo ZHANG , Ming GU ,

期刊论文

Review of aeroelasticity for wind turbine: Current status, research focus and future perspectives

Pinting ZHANG, Shuhong HUANG

期刊论文

Power fluctuation and power loss of wind turbines due to wind shear and tower shadow

Binrong WEN, Sha WEI, Kexiang WEI, Wenxian YANG, Zhike PENG, Fulei CHU

期刊论文

Assessment of wind energy potential in Gaza Strip

Juma Yousuf ALAYDI

期刊论文

Quality and efficiency improvement technology for five megawatt offshore wind turbines and its application

Huali HAN

期刊论文

Simulation of steel beam under ceiling jet based on a wind–fire–structure coupling model

期刊论文

Evaluation of the wind energy potential of two south west sites in Nigeria

Olaleye M. AMOO

期刊论文

Condition monitoring of a wind turbine generator using a standalone wind turbine emulator

Himani,Ratna DAHIYA

期刊论文

Digital manufacturing—the development direction of the manufacturing technology in the 21st century

XIONG You-lun, YIN Zhou-ping

期刊论文

Optimization design of spar cap layup for wind turbine blade

Jie ZHU, Xin CAI, Pan PAN, Rongrong GU

期刊论文

Investigation on available wind energy at Tungku beach

M. G. YAZDANI, M. A. SALAM

期刊论文